Why does the election law of the Federal Republic of Germany include the 5% threshold? It exists because...

1. the programs of many small parties share many similarities.
2. citizens could lose track of things if there are many small parties.
3. many small parties make the formation of a government more difficult. ✓
4. small parties do not have enough money to pay their politicians.

The 5% threshold prevents the parliament from splitting into too many tiny parties, ensuring the government remains stable and effective. This rule was created to avoid the political chaos experienced during the Weimar Republic era.